Popular Medications For IBS That Could Increase Your Risk Of Dementia

According to the Mayo Clinic, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a disorder that affects the digestive system, particularly the stomach and intestines. It can cause a range of symptoms such as cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, gas, diarrhea, and constipation. While the exact cause of IBS is unknown, it may be related to issues with gut muscle contractions, nerve sensitivity, infections, or imbalances in gut microbes. Stress and certain foods can trigger or worsen symptoms. Treatment often includes lifestyle changes, stress management, and in some cases, medication.

However, some medications used to manage IBS symptoms — particularly those that block certain nerve signals to reduce gut spasms — may carry unintended side effects. Anticholinergic drugs, a class sometimes prescribed for IBS, have come under scrutiny for their potential link to cognitive decline. Studies suggest that long-term use of these medications may increase the risk of dementia, especially in older adults.

A 2019 study published in JAMA Internal Medicine found the risk of dementia to be significantly greater in individuals who had taken the highest cumulative doses of anticholinergic drugs. Based on these findings, the authors urged caution in prescribing these medications for middle-aged and older adults. A 2015 study in JAMA Internal Medicine reported similar findings, again advising that older patients use alternative medications if possible to minimize their exposure.

A more recent review from 2024 that was published in Current Opinion in Urology additionally reported that anticholinergic medications may worsen dementia symptoms in those who already have this devastating neurological condition. They stated that the risk depends on how strong the medicine is, how long you take it, and the particular way it works in the body.

The International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders explains that anticholinergics are antispasmodics (medications that reduce spasms or contractions in the intestine), so they can relieve the abdominal pain and discomfort associated with IBS. The most commonly prescribed anticholinergics include hyoscyamine (Levsin, NuLev, Levbid) and dicyclomine (Bentyl).

Healthline states that there are other treatments that may be used as alternatives to anticholinergics. Calcium channel inhibitors — such as otilonium, pinaverium, and alverine — work by blocking calcium's action in the gut to relax intestinal muscles. Peppermint oil, a natural remedy, contains menthol, which also acts on calcium channels. Probiotics may help restore gut balance, easing symptoms like bloating and pain. These options may carry a lower risk of cognitive side effects.

Healthline additionally notes the importance of informing your doctor about your medical history and any drugs or supplements that you may be taking. Those with enlarged prostate, intestinal obstruction, myasthenia gravis, paralytic ileus, and pyloric stenosis should not use antispasmodics. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should consult with their doctor before taking these medications.